羅青冊頁於大英博物館 <中國現代水墨畫展> 展出
Venue: British Museum London
Date: May 2012
《現代詩畫冊》選刊 ” The Album Art of Lo Ch’ing”
羅青 1980 年作 大英博物館藏
羅青 2012 年 6 月 倫敦沙奇美術館畫展
Ink: The Art of China at the SAATCHI ART GALLERY
Venue: Duke of York’s Square SW3 4SQ London
Date: 19 June 2012 – 5 July 2012
Link to Goedhuis Gallery Press Release
China, All of a Sudden, China! 中國,突然,中國!
137 x 69 x 2 cm Diptych hanging scroll 雙拼立軸一對
Lo Ch’ing 2012 羅青 作
羅青/化石羅漢
羅漢名數不一,有二種、六種、九種、十六、十八、
<俱舍論二十五>解釋〔六種羅漢〕最有意思,最能反映「現代人」
據此,「現代新十八羅漢圖」的創作,是描繪轉化上述羅漢為象徵,
羅青非常羅漢畫展暨陶瓷展
2011 Lo Ch’ing’s Dharma Show
展覽地點:上海九十九度藝術中心(上海市莫干山路50號4樓A1層)
聯絡電話:+86 21 6276-0482
展期:2011 年 12 月 10 日-12 月 25 日
開幕酒會:2011 年 12 月 10 日 下午
九九藝術網相關報導:
http://news.99ys.com/20111212/article–111212–77972_1.shtml
向上 / 羅青陶瓷版畫
“East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.” More than a century ago Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), the famous English writer, winner of the Nobel Prize of Literature, asserted his strong belief without any reservation and hesitation. Echoes of the rebutters and defenders ensuing after this controversial remark have also lasted almost one hundred years or so. However, none of the discussant has been aware that the meeting ground of the East and West had already been firmly founded since the 12th century with the exportations of Chinese ceramics to the Middle East and the European countries in great quantity and excellent quality.
Chinese ceramics are not only carriers of daily utilitarian use with various pragmatic purposes but also vehicles of fine arts with high ideas and sophisticated aesthetics. Of all the aspects of the art of ceramics, the graphic pattern brushed on the various ceramic shapes derived their primal inspirations from the combination of ink-color painting and folk art traditions occupying a unique position in the realm of Chinese art had developed and acquired its own subjects, themes, techniques and aesthetic principles through the periods of Tang and Sung Dynasties and culminated its performances in the Yuan, Ming and finally reached its zenith in the Qing Dynasty.
The features of the painted Chinese ceramic patterns could be observed and described with followings three aspects:
The first feature is of what I called the Cycling Mode of Thought adopted by the ceramic painters which can be traced back to the primeval times with the appearance of Neolithic potteries. As we know that the patterns executed on the ceramic shape which is often a round one can begin at any point as the artist chooses. Nevertheless, after the patterns are completed, the beginning and the end will join each other into one and consequently make both the starting and ending points vanish into a harmonious whole. Due to this particular ceramic painting characteristic, a new aesthetic principle shared by both graphic construction and verbal structure followed by artists, writers and poets was born in the 6th century and culminated in the 13th century.It is named “Qi起、Cheng承、Zhuan轉、He合” that can be roughly translated as “Rising, echoing, turning, uniting ”.
The second one is of the Temperature Mode of Thought. The pattern painted in glaze on the ceramics must be fired and crystallized at high temperature whose slightest change of degree will result in very different final effects to the designated painted pattern.
The temperature also will bring accidental effect to the glazed painting with a surprisingly autonomous extemporization. This unique feature and concern of the ceramic artists are by all means beyond that of the painters of canvas and paper.
The third one is of the Participation of the Viewer. Once the painted ceramic has been completed and displayed, the viewer and displayer will have to decide which side or from what point of view and what angular field the designated work of art should be confronted or displayed. Of course, the round shape ceramic can also be shown on a carrousel plate with an ever changing view of 360 degrees. In the mean time, a finished ceramic product could invite its viewers of all ages to inscribe anything they like with markers which can be easily erased in no time.
In the past one hundred and sixty years, since the Opium war of 1840, Chinese society has been moving from an agrarian one to an industrial one, and in the recent two decades, at a dazzling speed, marching toward a post-industrial condition. Chinese civilization has undergone more or less the similar trends correspondingly and has demonstrated a miraculous adaptability in the vicissitude of internal political reformations and revolutions and the turmoil of foreign military invasions and commercial erosions.
Chinese ceramic painting as one of the most poignant art forms in Chinese civilization has witnessed and recorded these cultural changes and intellectual transformations with many a great artist and artistic performances.
The main feature of the ceramic artists of the twentieth century are as follows:
(1) A brand new weltanschauung, a novel worldview, which is completely different from that of the artists of the nineteenth century, has been born. A scientific solar system and a more comprehensive global view substitute for the sino-centric conception and the ancient mythological world.
(2) Geographically, Chinese artists have been moving continuously toward southern part of China , from the Yellow River region to Yangtse River area, to the Chiangnan region of China, and then to the big cities along the coastal line. And finally, after1949, an unprecedented great number of intellectuals migrated to the semitropical island, Taiwan, which is situated outside of China proper. For the first time, there is a place that allows Chinese intellectual to investigate and re-examine Chinese culture outside of China proper, offering an oceanic view to interpret Chinese civilization past and present from an insular angle, with the vast pacific deep as a background. In the mean time, both political China and cultural China have been divided too. As for political China, there is one on Mainland China following communism and socialism, another on Taiwan advocating democracy. As for cultural China, two laboratories have been established, one is of continental orientation in mainland, another of oceanic orientation in Taiwan.
(3) The “Traditional China” or the “Agrarian China” has been smashed by the invading industrial society from the West in the late 19th century and broken into pieces like racked mirror whose dismembered parts were scattered not only in China proper, but following the footsteps of overseas Chinese, traveled and disseminated into many a Western country in various diasporas all over the world. Chinese ceramic artists, with new subjects corresponding with new techniques have traveled into countries East and West around the world. A new China or rather many new “Chinas” were born in these broken mirrors, especially after World War II. They appeared in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore as well as in the big cities of the West Europe and the North America. And more recently, they emerged miraculously in Canton and Shanghai areas as well. Images and insights of Chinese artists and Chinese culture reflected in these broken pieces of mirrors are both relevant and irrelevant, are at once united and independent.
Multiple approaches of aesthetics and techniques have been adopted by the artists in their paintings to show the varieties of historical phases experienced by the Chinese people both in Mainland China and around the world.
There is pastoral lyricism incorporated with urban modernism, cynicism blended with good humor, and criticism and satire fused with universal love and understanding. The graphic language in the paintings is mixed with the verbal language of poetry executed in fine calligraphy performed in the form of inscriptions. The two are integrated with new aesthetics shown in rearranged compositions with a symphony of leaner movements intertwined with a carnival of colors.
These ceramic paintings are traditional and modern or postmodern at once. Just like what China has experienced in the past 60 years, a marvelous combination of societies of agriculture, industry and post-industry moves side by side braving the turmoil and vicissitude of different national and international climates.
高陽先生與我雖然多年在台北同住一條巷子,當時叫敦化南路351
一九八零年代的351巷附近幾條巷子,文化名流薈萃,詩人、
到了1984年,事情有了變化,他的《高陽說詩》出版,
他之所以會積極動手,出版詩論。是因為前不久,
那是一個比較文學當紅的時代,許多意氣風發的大博士,紛紛為文,
來而不往非禮也,得了贈書,當有回報。除了細讀精讀拜讀之餘,
果然,我一搬出茅台的香氣,小說家立刻變成了高陽酒徒,
一日,他酒酣耳熱之際,忽然正色對我說: 「我就是胡雪巖」。 話聲甫落,便急索筆墨紙硯,說時遲那時快,一張條幅七絕行草,
周郎已去王郎健,猶有江郎畫筆雄;
珍重留身閱世變,可知一暝萬緣空。
他收筆壓紙,看了看行氣,覺得寫得還可以,便笑著對我說: “這是我以胡光庸的口氣寫來送給你的,看看如何?”
正在低頭磨墨的我,聽了又驚又喜,手下頓時加了把勁,回答道: “太好了,那就快請落款吧! 我現在正準備出版一本書叫《什麼是後現代主義》,你這幅字,
羅青仁兄大人雅正 雪巖弟胡光庸學書
語意位置,完全合乎晚清書家落款的口吻與習慣。
詩中的周郎,當然指的是三國周瑜;
當年水墨齋中的詩酒之會,只持續了一年不到,便隨時運變幻而逝。
2010年秋,位於富春江畔的富陽市,與北京大學歷史系聯合,
我的論文,沒有對有關黃子久及富春圖的外在枝節問題,有所著墨;
問題之一是,《富春山居圖》乃子久晚年繪畫成熟期的水墨傑作,
問題之二是,如果把當代照片中的富春江色,
上述兩個問題,關係到整個中國繪畫史及墨彩美學,
我們知道,《富春山居圖卷》是元代四大家之一黃公望七十九歲時,
然他一拖三年,卻一直沒有急於完成。不過,畫好之處,
在此圖之前,除了大幅壁畫之外,
黃氏之所以需要如此長的創作時間,來完成該畫,問題不在於「
我們知道,記錄並傳達一個文化系統的工具有許多,
根據現有的資料看來,黃公望的《富春山居圖卷》,
我們知道魏晉以來,文學創作,多重直觀,講究天賦,
墨彩繪畫亦復如,隋唐兩宋在畫法上,無論工筆、寫意,粉本有無,
黃子久一反成法,在他的畫論短文《寫山水訣》中,開宗明義,
此論一出,宋代以前的墨法筆法成規,完全遭到推翻,
《富春山居圖卷》中的山嶺,在起伏的節奏上,與實際的山景,
這種在山頭堆滿石頭的畫法,源自於董源,史稱「礬頭皴」,無他,
過去畫論家,都喜歡用「復古主義」的標籤,解釋趙孟頫的「古意」
蘇東坡「江山如畫」之論,否定了「造化 / 江山」至高無上地位,大大的提高了繪畫應該獨立自主的認識。
這就是為什麼黃子久在畫富春山時,要引用董源的原因之一。
富春山色,隔岸遠觀,輪廓平滑,毫無崢嶸之態,待上山近看,
由是可知,山水畫到黃子久,在結構上,
在中國墨彩畫「抒情山水」的傳統中,《富卷》可謂上承王維、
高陽喜論古典詩,謬以我為知音,時常到我位於敦化南路351巷的
我其實並不真懂古典詩,但卻不忍說破,於是免力敷衍湊和,
忘年好友張佛千先生,追懷高陽時說:「高陽先生自負多才多藝 … 也喜歡作詩,寫現代很少人寫的古典詩,當然他功力不錯,
佛老是真正的高公老友,談他為人處世時,常常多方維護,
不像我,在談論今人寫的舊詩詞時,常開方便奉呈之門,
民國都一百年了,古典詩詞名家,
不過,古典詩一旦入門,自有其迷人之處。猶如四王畫法一旦入手,
高陽嗜義山,通讀玉溪集,從封面到封底,可謂滾瓜而爛熟。
下面這首《無題—集義山句》,是他隨手拈出的戲作,
浪笑榴花不及春,不知原是此花身;
幽蘭泣露新香死,錦瑟驚弦破夢頻。
那解將心憐孔翠,枉緣書札損文鱗;
低樓小逕城南道,綠繡笙囊不見人。(圖一)
正文寫完後,他意猶未盡,再補上四行邊款,說明緣起:
偶集義山一首,但有意境,何必本事,羅青吾兄方家曉其
意也,率寫呈 教,時在甲子國慶後二日,偶飲於大塊齋,
醉後無狀,不自知其醜也,高陽。(圖二)
看他這樣一寫,不太能曉其意的我,也只好點頭裝懂,濫充知音了。
多年之後,我檢出此詩,在交付裝池之前,於空白處,
時人但知高陽擅於小說,曲折幽深,委婉動人;又知其精於
考據,妙解詩詞,令當代名公博士,為之汗顏;更知高公嗜酒,
不醉不歸;而鮮知其書,亦當行本色,不讓書家專美。此乃酒足
之後所書,氣勢一貫,筆鋒逼人,真詩人之筆法也。水墨齋藏
高書三幅,此為第一,羅青識,距高先生書此,已匆匆十五年矣,
時光催人,以至於斯。高公作古久矣。
李商隱是用典狂,向來有“獺祭魚”之稱,經常經籍散落,
他評說古典詩,也是從破解詩中典故出發,運用小說家的想像力,
有一次,他為我解義山無題詩,先把男女雙方的住處,
事實上,集句詩就是用典的擴大,讓全篇皆典,把書袋一次掉足,
大小說家王文興教授曾言:「高陽是國寶級人物。」
可惜,台灣人才太多,多半生前不受官民重視,
然而斯人已去,妙音不再,多說無益,抱怨何必,
<故宮學>可分為三大部分來討論。第一部分,是當前具有博物館及美術館雙重身份的主體「北京故宮博物院」,不單負責歷代文物的蒐集典藏、保護維修、研究評價,同時也負責教育傳播、展覽推廣、複製交流,是一個多功能的文教機構。第二部分是,「北京故宮博物院」的座落之處:「北京故宮紫禁城」原址,二者重疊為一。而此一原址的範疇,應該包括故宮本身、皇家園林及其四周鄰近的民宅,是文化古蹟及文化遺產。第三部分,則應包括曾在故宮內外活動的尊卑人物、活動的內容及其活動後的遺留物,也就是各種珍貴文物,國之重寶。這其中,包括了語言學、科學、歷史學、文獻學、民族學、社會學、民俗學、政治學,宗教學、哲學、心理學、文藝學、音樂學、建築學、批評學…各種學門與研究課題,直得大家全力關注探討,不斷學習發揚。
因此<故宮學>應當是一門屬於「科際整合研究」(inter-disciplinary synthetic study) 的綜合學問。從語言學開始,上述各種主題學門,都形成一套自給自足的「記號系統」,各有其獨特的「字彙詞彙」、「文法關係」與「表達方式」。<故宮學>的目的,在研究解釋這些不同記號系統的異同,從而發現蘊含其中的基本「運作模式」與原型「思考模式」,而這些「模式」,便是中華文化的「公分母」與 「發動機」,產生了各種價值輝煌的「思想體系」。徹底掌握這些模式的構造,對深入了解中華文化的過去成就,創造規劃中華文化的未來發展,應當有提綱挈領的作用。
<故宮學>的三大部分與「文化記號學」的三大部分:「語構學、語意學、語用學」,恰好吻合,可以用來做<故宮學>未來研究發展的參考。二者對應的模式,可以用下面的圖表來說明。
記號學Semiotics | 語構學syntactic | 語意學semantic | 語用學pragmatic |
字素:字音/字型 morphemic/ phonology/graphology |
字彙/文法/語域 laxica-/ grammar/ register |
情境/文脈/文化 Situational/context/ culture |
|
實體記號系統 | 紫禁城建築、林園、尊卑人物及周圍民居 | 紫禁城內之尊卑人物活動及相關 文物 |
博物館美術館:故宮博物院 |
文字圖像象徵系統 | 宮庭人物:帝王將相,嬪妃宮女,太監雜役…宮庭文物:生活禮儀,服裝掛飾,宗教用品,文房家具,戲曲樂器…
史料檔案:文字史料,典章制度,用具圖籍… |
文物收藏:書畫,陶瓷,玉器,銅器,織繡,文房,錢幣,, 典籍收藏:圖書,地圖 |
保存維修典藏 科技研究複製 新增收藏 當代收藏 |
思想觀念系統 | 思考模式:主題及補充模式 二元對立及補充模式 運作模式:分解成最小單元再加以組合,圖譜模式 |
思想體系: 哲學,史學,政治學,文學,美學 |
價值評估:研究、詮釋、評價、展覽 教育推廣普及 世界多層次交流 |
故宮及故宮文物,相對而言,是比較屬於「過去的」、「靜態的」,而「故宮博物院」則應該是屬於「現在的」、「動態的。」博物院不單是一個研究詮釋、保護維修、展覽推廣的教育機構,同時也應該是一個追求「複雜時代價值評估與生產」的文化產業機構 。作為中華文化創意產業的發動機,故宮所可以對當今世界提供的文化產值,其金額巨大無比,難以估算。
故宮當務之急是與台北故宮聯合,選出古代書畫(山水人物畫鳥)、器物代表作若干件,做為中國文化的精華代表,不斷的向國內國外,向全世界廣為詮釋宣揚。用盡一切文化創意的手段,務必使海內外所有的中國人,及每一個到中國的外國旅客,都一定要到故宮來觀賞他所心儀已久的藝術品一次,才覺得不虛此行,不虛此生。
故宮也應該計畫,每年至少選擇一位到兩位當代藝術家(包括墨彩畫家、油彩畫家、雕塑家、建築師、音樂家、舞蹈家),舉辦專題特展,出版具有學術性的展覽目錄,並將此特展,於國內巡迴展之後,與國外各大美術館博物館合作,作世界巡迴展,肯定中國當代藝術家,推廣中國當代藝術。
在雅俗共賞方面,故宮可以推廣的,項目更多,凡舉食、衣、住、行、育、樂,均可網羅,數目之大,無法估計。僅以「食」一項目而言,例如故宮皇家菜系及茶道,便可以通過精美包裝,產生多種變化,與民間合作,推廣至全世界各地。
論畫賞畫,當以其蘊含境界思想之大小深淺而品評之;時人不察,常從其外貌尺寸題材之大小輕重而衡量之,繆矣。
近世畫作,動輒以超大巨幅稱勝,而內容膚淺,思想貧乏,形式單調,技巧因襲,叩之無門,一眼即盡,難伸千古之思,不符壯雅之懷。
若所作之畫,在內容上,思精慮厚,想像豐富;意象多重對比,妙悟隨時逸出;在形式上,則構圖新穎奇特,筆法出人意表,用墨逼人而來,設色化成而去;雖尺幅小品而有千里之勢,微物一角居然自成宇宙;啟人心智,發人省思,輕輕一舉,便抓住整個時代的想像力,則其用甚大,何小之有。
晚近科技發達,複製技術,突飛猛進。畫作無論大小,皆可視場地之需要,放至無限大而不失其真,縮至郵票小而不失其質,頓使許多「無謂巨作」,在純形式的姿勢下,失所憑藉,畫中所有的空大虛假,皆一一暴露無遺,事過境遷之後,時代更替之下,難免淪為飯後茶餘的笑柄,必遭棄置於歷史灰燼之中。
畫乃人為之藝術,以傳達情思,表達意志為主:縱橫上下,不脫人類體能範圍;出入古今,不離心靈精神體會。此為賞畫之旨,亦為論畫之鑰,得其核心要義,必能禪悟通神,擴大賞析境界,提升評論層次,至於尺幅大小,反成餘事,擱置不論可也。